New and Emerging Options for the Treatment of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Cet article passe en revue les caractéristiques des thérapies émergentes destinées à pallier les limites des traitements standards contre le cancer de la vessie non invasif
Five-year recurrence and progression rates for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) range from 50%–70% and 10%–30%, respectively,1 although the risk of recurrence and progression vary significantly according to tumor-specific factors. Risk-adapted management is generally provided according to low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, and may range from rapid de-escalation of surveillance strategies for low-risk tumors to intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC.2 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a therapeutic cornerstone for high-grade NMIBC for decades, but it is not tolerated, effective, or durable in all patients. Recent randomized trial data suggest that up to 20% of BCG-naïve patients with high-risk NMIBC experience high-grade recurrence by 2 years after treatment with BCG.3–5 Historically, patients who experienced cancer recurrence after BCG had limited salvage treatment options apart from radical cystectomy. This need for alternative bladder-sparing therapies, in addition to BCG manufacturing shortages,6 led to the development of novel treatments for NMIBC, several of which have received FDA approval since 2020, with many more in the development pipeline. This review aims to summarize these new and emerging therapies for NMIBC given the rapidly evolving landscape of NMIBC treatment options.
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network , article en libre accès, 2026