The Association Between Human Papillomavirus and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'au 31 janvier 2025 (84 articles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une infection par le papillomavirus humain et le risque de cancer de la prostate
Human papillomavirus (HPV), the necessary cause of cervical cancer, is associated with an increased risk of other anogenital cancers. While HPV has frequently been detected in prostate specimens, its role in prostate carcinogenesis remains controversial. We synthesized and meta-analyzed the epidemiological literature on the association between HPV and prostate cancer. We completed a systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane on January 31, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on study design and population, sample characteristics, HPV and prostate cancer ascertainment methods, and results. We pooled risk estimates using a random effects model and performed subgroup meta-analyses by HPV risk level, genotype, and control group. Our search identified 1874 unique records. Of 84 included articles (1990–2025), 57 were cross-sectional, 15 case–control, 6 nested case–control, and 6 were cohort studies. HPV detection methods reported were HPV DNA (n = 57); HPV serology (n = 17); subjects' self-report (n = 5); chart review, registry or claims data (n = 4); RNA (n = 3); and immunohistochemistry (n = 2). Most studies (58.3%) reported HPV prevalence below 20%. Our meta-analysis (39 studies) produced a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.87–2.95). When restricted to high-risk HPV, the pooled OR was 2.75 (95% CI: 1.69–4.46). HPV16, HPV18, and HPV33 had positive associations with prostate cancer (pooled ORs: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.18–4.40; 2.37, 95% CI: 1.16–4.87; 3.73, 95% CI: 0.46–30.30, respectively) and the association was strongest when using normal tissue as controls (pooled OR:4.81, 95% CI: 1.83–12.69). Our findings support a positive association between the detection of oncogenic HPV DNA in prostate specimens and prostate cancer, although its etiologic significance remains unclear.
International Journal of Cancer , article en libre accès, 2026