Outdoor air pollution and prostate cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study
Menée à partir de données américaines portant sur 289 299 hommes âgés d'au moins 50 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre les concentrations résidentielles moyennes sur 5 ans de PM2,5 et de NO2 et le risque de cancer de la prostate
Outdoor air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is an established carcinogen, yet few studies evaluate its associations with prostate cancer risk and findings are mixed.We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate annual average historical residential PM2.5 (1980 to 2017) and NO2 (1990 to 2017) concentrations for N = 289,299 men aged ≥50 years in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, enrolled from six states and two metro areas in 1995 to 1996, followed through 2018. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR [CI]) of associations between 5-year average PM2.5 and NO2 and incident prostate cancer, overall and by tumor aggressiveness (ie, advanced [n = 5,791], high-grade [ie, Gleason score ≥8, n = 5,793], fatal [n = 3,057]). We evaluated interactions with hypothesized effect modifiers.Historical PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk overall (PM2.5 HR10-year lag per 5 µg/m3=1.00 [0.98-1.02], NO2 HR10-year lag per 10 ppb = 1.00 [0.98-1.01]). Some positive trends were observed for aggressive disease (eg, high-grade PM2.5 HR10-year lag=1.03 [0.99-1.09], advanced: NO2 HR10-year lag=1.04 [0.99-1.08]). Stratified analyses also showed stronger associations for aggressive disease among Hispanic men (eg, high-grade: NO2 HR = 1.25 [1.05-1.48], pint=0.01). Heterogeneity was also evident by urbanicity (high-grade: pint=0.01, PM2.5 and NO2) and state (advanced: pint=0.05, NO2), potentially reflecting air pollution mixture heterogeneity.In this large U.S. cohort, historical residential PM2.5 or NO2 concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk overall; however, risk was elevated in some subgroups and for aggressive outcomes. Future evaluation of air pollution mixture components may clarify observed subgroup differences.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute , résumé, 2026