Association between pioglitazone use and prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Menée à partir de données du réseau "TriNetX" portant sur 38 904 personnes (âge : 55-84 ans), cette étude analyse l’association entre l’utilisation de pioglitazone et l’incidence du cancer de la prostate chez les hommes atteints de diabète de type 2
Objective: Pioglitazone is commonly prescribed for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its potential impact on prostate cancer risk remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between pioglitazone use and incident prostate cancer among men with T2DM.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the TriNetX network. Men with T2DM aged 55–84 years were included. To form the pioglitazone and pioglitazone-naïve groups, men were matched 1:1 based on demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary outcome was the incidence of prostate cancer. Cumulative probability, hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the TriNetX “Compare Outcomes” module.
Results: After matching and applying a 3-month lag exclusion, 19,449 patients in the pioglitazone group and 19,455 patients in the pioglitazone-naïve group were included. During follow-up period, the proportions of men diagnosed with prostate cancer was about 0.566% in the pioglitazone group and 0.329% in the pioglitazone-naïve group. The hazard ratio for prostate cancer was 1.655 in the pioglitazone cohort compared to the pioglitazone-naïve cohort (95% confidence interval: 1.214–2.256).
Conclusion: Pioglitazone use was associated with prostate cancer in men with T2DM aged 55–84 years, highlighting the need for careful risk assessment and further investigation.
Cancer Epidemiology , article en libre accès, 2026