Phase III Study of Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection for Ground Glass Opacity–Dominant Lung Adenocarcinoma
Mené sur 302 patients atteints d’un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules de stade précoce, cet essai randomisé multicentrique de phase III évalue l'intérêt, du point de vue de la survie sans maladie à 3 ans, d'un curage ganglionnaire médiastinal chez les patients présentant des nodules pulmonaires en verre dépoli
PURPOSE: Systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) or sampling is currently recommended for patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer. We aimed to investigate whether no mediastinal LND was noninferior to systematic LND in patients with ground glass opacity (GGO)–dominant invasive lung adenocarcinoma.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase III, noninferiority randomized controlled trial comparing systematic mediastinal LND versus no mediastinal LND in patients with GGO-dominant invasive lung adenocarcinoma, who were predicted to have no lymph node metastasis on the basis of criteria established in our previous trial. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival. An interim analysis was planned upon enrollment of 300 patients, with predefined termination criteria if no mediastinal lymph node metastasis is detected and life-threatening complications occur in the systematic LND arm. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ECTOP-1009, identifier: NCT04527419).
RESULTS: Interim analysis of 302 patients revealed no lymph node metastasis in either study arm. The no LND arm had significantly reduced surgery duration (mean, 74 minutes v 109 minutes; P < .001), blood loss (mean, 44 mL v 82 mL; P = .033), and postoperative hospital stay (mean, 3.9 days v 4.5 days; P = .002). Complications observed in the systematic LND arm included chylothorax in one patient (0.7%) and intraoperative massive bleeding because of superior vena cava injury in one patient (0.7%). No lymphadenectomy-related complications occurred in the no LND arm.
CONCLUSION: On the basis of interim findings and the principle of nonmaleficence, the trial should be terminated. Systematic mediastinal LND should no longer be recommended for patients with GGO-dominant lung adenocarcinoma.
Journal of Clinical Oncology , article en libre accès, 2025