Implementation challenges for risk-stratified screening in the era of precision medicine
Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir d'une modélisation, cette étude estime le rapport coût-efficacité et le rapport bénéfice-risque d'un programme triennal de dépistage du cancer du sein qui ciblerait les femmes âgées de 50 à 69 ans présentant un certain nombre de facteurs de risque
Cancer screening tests are generally recommended when the benefits (eg, morbidity or mortality reduction) outweigh the risks (eg, overtreatment). In the era of precision medicine, the aim is to more precisely measure these benefits and risks by accounting for individual-level patient characteristics. The premise for precision prevention in oncology is that an individual’s risk, related to genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors, is associated with the level of benefit received from cancer screening.1 Under this framework, risk stratification for cancer screening can be used to identify and recommend screening for those whose cancer risk is high enough that the benefits outweigh potential harms. In the case of breast cancer, identifying this subgroup could be important in providing high-quality prevention and care because evidence demonstrates that while breast cancer screening reduces mortality, it also exposes women to potential harms related to overdiagnosis—–ie, diagnosis of a cancer that would not have caused sickness or death regardless of screening.2
JAMA Oncology , éditorial, 2017